At the request of the Directorate General for Health, the French National Authority for Health (HAS) has developed a recommendation for the screening of hepatitis B and C. Detection of anti-HCV antibodies is recommended for hepatitis C screening. If anti-HCV antibodies are negative, the screening result indicates no exposure to HCV, unless there has been a recent infection prior to seroconversion or severe immunosuppression. If anti-HCV antibodies are positive, serological confirmation is recommended via a new enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a different reagent on a second sample (procedure 3785 of the Nomenclature of Medical Laboratory Procedures - NABM). If the confirmatory serology is positive on the second sample, the result to be reported is exposure to HCV. In this situation, the HAS recommends testing for HCV RNA by PCR on this same second sample. For the biological screening of hepatitis B, the HAS identifies three strategies following its evaluation: the first is the immediate testing of the three markers (anti-HBc antibodies, HBsAg, and anti-HBs antibodies); the second corresponds to the pre-vaccination screening in the NABM: anti-HBc antibodies and anti-HBs antibodies; the third is testing for HBsAg and anti-HBs antibodies. Testing for all three markers at the outset (anti-HBc antibodies, HBsAg, and anti-HBs antibodies)—the strategy recommended by the working group—has the advantage of determining the immune status of the at-risk individual in a single step, but its total cost is higher than that of the other two. Indeed, while the drawbacks of the other two strategies should not be ignored, pre-vaccination screening according to the NABM guidelines and testing for HBsAg and anti-HBs antibodies would save resources and should be considered as possible alternatives. In the event of a positive HBsAg result, the HAS recommends testing a second sample as specified in the NABM guidelines. (R.A.)