The 2007 ENTRED study (National Representative Sample of People with Diabetes) is a descriptive epidemiological survey designed to observe, describe, and—by comparing results with those of the first ENTRED survey in 2001—track changes in the characteristics, health status, and care of people with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes in France (n = 9,987). The study also describes the monitoring methods and therapeutic approaches of healthcare providers, educational strategies, and healthcare expenditures related to these conditions. It is noted that this population is elderly (mean age of 65 years, and 25% are over 75 years old), economically disadvantaged, and 23% were born abroad. As in 2001, 92% are reported to have type 2 diabetes. A significant improvement is noted in terms of achieving treatment goals: HbA1c (average: 7.1% for type 2, with 54% at 7% or below, and 7.9% for type 1), LDL cholesterol, and blood pressure; and better utilization of medications recommended by health authorities. However, there is a delay in seeking dietary counseling (when starting insulin therapy), a delay in strengthening glycemic control strategies (continuing monotherapy or dual therapy despite HbA1c levels above target), and blood pressure control that still needs improvement. Similarly, fundus examinations, podiatric risk assessment, and, even more so, microalbuminuria testing are not performed frequently enough. These data highlight the progress made, but also the shortcomings of our healthcare system, and will help guide future recommendations.[author’s abstract]