The quality of early interactions and a parent’s responsiveness to their child’s cues are fundamental factors in a child’s secure attachment. This study aimed to examine maternal responsiveness and child attachment in a high-psychosocial-risk sample consisting of 46 mother-infant dyads. The dyads were assessed when the infants were between twelve and seventeen months old. Children’s attachment was assessed using the Strange Situation paradigm (Ainsworth et al., 1978), while maternal sensitivity was examined through video analysis of three mother-child interaction situations, using the Maternal Sensitivity scales developed by Ainsworth et al. (1974). The results highlight the impact of maternal sensitivity on the establishment of secure or insecure attachment in children. However, with regard to attachment disorganization, factors other than maternal sensitivity appear to be at play, as in the present study, these two factors do not appear to be directly associated. [author’s abstract]