Introduction: The objective is to present the application of job-exposure matrices (JEMs) developed within the Matgéné program at the French Institute for Public Health Surveillance to several samples of the French population and to describe the prevalence of occupational exposure to certain hazards in France. Method: A Matgéné JEM assesses, for each job (defined as a profession within an industry sector), exposure to a hazard for various periods since 1950, using several exposure indices (probability, intensity, frequency). Cross-referencing EMEs with population data allows for the description of worker exposure by estimating exposure prevalence according to various criteria (level, age, sex, job category, etc.). The MEE currently available cover mineral dusts (silica, cement) or organic dusts (flour, leather), fibers (asbestos, mineral wool, FCR), and solvents (petroleum-based, chlorinated, oxygenated). Results: For example, the prevalence of worker exposure to silica dust was estimated based on a sample of occupational histories. In 2007, men were predominantly exposed (6.5% versus 0.2% of women), primarily manual laborers and craftsmen. Over the course of their careers, 17.4% of men were exposed, one-third of whom were exposed at levels exceeding the average exposure limit of 0.1 mg/m³. Conclusion: MEE enable the monitoring of occupational exposures in France by calculating exposure prevalence rates for specific periods or over a lifetime. The calculation of attributable risk fractions can also be performed, for certain hazards, to estimate the proportion of diseases attributable to occupational exposures. The matrices can be queried via the Exp-Pro portal (http://www.exppro.fr). (R.A.)