Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous element, ranking first on the priority list of chemicals established in the United States in 2007. Classified in Group I as a known human carcinogen, it is implicated in cancers of the bladder, skin, and lung. Overall exposure to As can be assessed by measuring internal dose, and of all the various biomarkers, urinary As is the most commonly measured. Few authors have reported conclusive results on the contribution of different exposure sources to arsenic, except for water. The objective of this article is to present the current state of knowledge regarding urinary arsenic levels in the non-occupationally exposed population and their potential links to soil concentrations. The authors have thus demonstrated that populations living in a contaminated area have higher urinary arsenic concentrations than those residing in an uncontaminated area. In contrast, arsenic concentrations in soil vary greatly from one site to another (from 18.8 mg/kg to 333 mg/kg of dry matter). The limited available results do not allow for a clear conclusion regarding the link between arsenic concentrations in soil and urine. However, a link is reported when soil arsenic concentrations exceed 100 mg/kg, and soil appears to be a contributing source of exposure, the extent of which is difficult to quantify. The average concentration of the sum of inorganic As and metabolites is generally higher than the reference value for the general population, which is usually set at 10 μg/L or 10 μg/g of creatinine; it remains below the recommended occupational exposure limits. It is difficult to assign a health significance to the urinary As measurements reported in the studies analyzed for the general population. (R.A.)