Problem Statement: Epidemiological studies aim to assess the health impact of local sources of environmental pollution by using self-reported health—based on respondents’ perceptions of their own health—as the dependent variable. The objective of this study is to analyze the advantages and findings of this type of approach. The first section focuses on the indicators used. Methods Based on a literature review, this article presents an analysis of self-reported health indicators: data collection processes; selected health outcomes; data collection tools; data processing; and methods for constructing indicators. Results This literature review covers 51 articles. The use of self-reported health indicators is a means of addressing the health concerns and complaints of populations living in situations of environmental exposure. The self-reported health indicators identified in the studies are varied. They measure aspects of health—both physical and psychological—as well as general health. The use of standardized questionnaires is less common than that of ad hoc questionnaires (78% of studies) developed specifically for a given study. Three standardized instruments are frequently used to measure, on the one hand, perceived general health via the MOS Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and, on the other hand, psychological distress via the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90). Conclusion The selection of self-reported health indicators must balance the specificity of health events—given the environmental context under study—with the standardization of the instruments used to measure them. This standardization is necessary to ensure the validity and reliability of measurements over time and across different contexts. The psychometric properties of measurement instruments are rarely evaluated or verified during their use. (R.A.)