Objectives - To analyze health insurance reimbursements for individuals treated for diabetes in France, assess trends between 2001 and 2007, and identify factors associated with healthcare utilization. Methods - Analysis of data from Entred 2007 (6,710 adults covered by the general health insurance scheme, treated for diabetes in mainland France), combining reimbursement database data with responses to various questionnaires completed by patients and their physicians. Results - The average reimbursement was estimated at 5,300 euros per person with diabetes treated in 2007, and 10% of individuals accounted for 50% of reimbursements. Extrapolated to the whole of France, reimbursements paid to all people with diabetes amounted to 12.5 billion euros, of which 4.7 billion were spent on hospitalization, 3.4 billion on medications, and 1.0 billion on nursing care. The main factors associated with these high costs among people with type 2 diabetes were age, insulin treatment, the presence of complications including treated end-stage renal disease, and severe comorbidities. The increase in reimbursements (80% between 2001 and 2007 in constant euros, from 7.1 to 12.5 billion) was mainly due to the rise in the number of patients and the intensification of monitoring and treatments. Conclusion - Given the sharp rise in costs to the public sector, it is essential to improve the efficiency of care provided to people with diabetes. (R.A.)