Neonatal pertussis is rare; the Renacoq network has recorded 34 cases over a three-year period. Newborns and infants under three months of age have little or no protection from maternal antibodies and are exposed to infection, most often from family members, after birth; the concept of congenital pertussis is debatable. Hospitalization, most often in the third week of life, is indicated in the presence of a nonspecific cough, difficulty feeding from a bottle, or, more rarely, paroxysms, a paroxysmal cough, episodes of cyanosis, or a cough with inspiratory stridor. Blood hyperlymphocytosis is variable. The bacteriological diagnosis relies on culture of pharyngotracheal specimens and polymerase chain reaction. Complications are common, primarily pulmonary. The risk of apnea, bradycardia, and gastrointestinal and neurological complications (convulsions) necessitates prolonged hospitalization, averaging 19 days. Alveolar pneumococcal pertussis and encephalopathy are rare but have a poor prognosis. Treatment is primarily symptomatic. Antibiotic therapy with a macrolide primarily reduces contagiousness. Antibiotic therapy for the mother and/or other infected siblings reduces the risk of pertussis in the child; it is supplemented by 5 to 10 days of antibiotic therapy in the newborn. Vaccination is not applicable during the neonatal period, but a combined vaccine can be administered starting at the beginning of the third month in former preterm infants before they go home, provided they undergo 24-hour cardiorespiratory monitoring.