Introduction. The winter of 2010–2011 was marked by significant snow and ice events, which could lead to an increase in injuries, and by a period of moderate cold, a factor that, along with infectious diseases and behavioral changes, contributes to winter excess mortality. During these episodes, health impacts were detected and reported to health authorities. The objective of this article was to analyze them in greater detail retrospectively, in order to provide insights for the prevention and monitoring of future events. Materials and methods. The study covered the period from November 1, 2010, to March 31, 2011, in Île-de-France, Burgundy, Franche-Comté, and Rhône-Alpes. It relied on daily data on temperatures, snow, and black ice (Météo-France), on several sources of syndromic surveillance data (SurSaUD®, Epac—Permanent Survey on Accidents of Daily Life), and on INSEE mortality data. The analyses were primarily based on comparisons with averages from periods not affected by cold or black ice (percentage changes). A survey was also conducted in the Sens emergency department to investigate a spike in activity linked to black ice. Results. No significant health impact of cold weather was observed. However, certain episodes of snow/black ice were associated with a 30% to 150% increase in emergency department visits for trauma, primarily falls. The telephone survey, conducted during an episode of black ice in Sens, showed that some of the falls were preventable. Discussion and conclusion. Given the spikes in trauma observed during snow/black ice episodes, it would be useful to continue this winter surveillance to identify the most appropriate prevention recommendations and better inform the public. (R.A.)