Introduction: Tobacco and alcohol account for 10% and 8%, respectively, of deaths from cardiovascular disease. The objective is to present long-term trends in these forms of consumption in France, with a focus on gender and social inequalities. Materials and methods: The Health Barometers of the National Institute for Prevention and Health Education (INPES) have tracked the population’s major health behaviors since the early 1990s. This study focuses on the population aged 18 to 75 surveyed in the various waves of this survey, conducted in 1992 (n=2,099), 1995 (n=1,993), 2000 (n=12,588), 2005 (n=28,226), 2010 (n=25,034), and 2014 (n=15,186). Results: Among men, daily smoking declined from 41% in 1992 to 33% in 2014. One-quarter of women smoked daily in 2014, a proportion that has remained generally stable over the past 20 years, but has declined among young women and increased among those over 50. Daily alcohol consumption has declined steadily since 1992, regardless of gender. Since 2005, the proportion of adults who combine daily tobacco use with regular alcohol consumption has been 3.5%. By gender, the socioeconomic factors associated with smoking appear similar, though generational effects are particularly pronounced among women. These factors are largely reversed between men and women regarding regular alcohol consumption. Discussion-conclusion: Among individuals in the most advantaged socioeconomic situations, daily tobacco use and regular alcohol consumption are converging between men and women, with an overall decrease for men and an increase for women. Trends in tobacco and alcohol consumption point toward a decrease, but consumption levels remain high, highlighting that public health measures struggle to yield results in the face of aggressive marketing strategies by tobacco companies. It appears essential to continue efforts to reduce the adoption of behaviors that pose cardiovascular risks.